What are the three components of an HVAC system?

The three components of an HVAC system are accurately captured in the answer that mentions ventilation, air conditioning, and heating. This reflects the essential functions of an HVAC system, which are to manage the indoor environment for comfort and health.

Heating is a critical function as it provides warmth during colder weather, ensuring that indoor spaces remain comfortable. Ventilation is equally essential as it concerns the exchange of indoor air with fresh outdoor air, which helps remove indoor pollutants and maintain air quality. Air conditioning is the component that controls the temperature and humidity levels during warmer months, contributing to overall comfort by cooling the air in the living or working space.

The other choices do not encompass the primary functions of an HVAC system as comprehensively. While options may include related elements, they do not articulate the standard components that are integral to the operation and purpose of HVAC systems. Thus, the combination of ventilation, air conditioning, and heating best represents the core elements that define the structure and functionality of such systems.