Which of the following are considered non-operating expenses?

Non-operating expenses refer to costs that are not directly related to the day-to-day operations of a property. They are typically incurred for activities that do not contribute to the ongoing maintenance or management of the property itself.

Leasing commissions are indeed categorized as non-operating expenses because they are costs associated with securing new tenants rather than maintaining or managing the property. These commissions are typically one-time expenses paid to real estate agents or brokers for their services in leasing the space, which is not part of the regular operational expenditures necessary for property upkeep.

In contrast, utility costs, property taxes, and maintenance fees are all operational in nature. Utility costs are integral to the property's functioning as they cover essential services like water, electricity, and gas. Property taxes are mandatory expenses that the owner must pay for property ownership and are typically included in the operational budget. Maintenance fees involve routine care and repair of the property to keep it functional and safe, directly impacting the property's day-to-day operation. Thus, these expenses are considered part of the overall operating costs associated with managing a property.